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Thursday, February 28, 2019

Management Paper Outline

I. Introduction A. Indicate the sequel name and page number, and charge a very brief summary of it. B. Forecast the main points you ordain be making in the paper. II. Environmental Factors and Ethical Considerations A. What be the primary quill issues in this persona? Why ar they signifi provoket? B. What are the contextualizing environmental factors in this case? Why are they noteworthy? C. What are the factors bear upon honorable choices in this case? Which is to the highest degree important? D. How can the criteria for ethical decision making be applied in this case? Which of the criteria is most relevant? Why? III.Planning A. What type of planning and goal telescope are depicted in this case? What are the implications of those types of planning and goal setting? B. What type of decision making is evident in this case? What can be inferred from the approach or approaches to decision making used in this case? IV. Organizing C. What characteristics of organizing are exhibi ted in this case? What are the implications of those characteristics? D. How and to what finale are change and renewing undertaken in this case? What are the consequences of the change and innovation initiatives or need of initiatives?E. How and to what terminus is the strategic role of human mental imagery management practiced in this case? What are the implications of those practices for maintaining an effective manpower and valuing diversity? V. Leading F. How is the importance of attitudes, personality traits, and emotional intelligence attest in this case? What is the significance of attitudes, personality traits, and emotional intelligence in this case? G. What is the nature of leadership exhibited or not exhibited in this case? What can be inferred from the nature of leadership exhibited in this case? H.How and to what uttermost is an understanding of motivation demonstrated in this case? What can be knowledgeable from this? I. What characteristics of communication ar e exhibited in this case? What are the implications of those characteristics? J. How and to what extent is teamwork used in this case? What are the implications of the use or lack of use of teamwork in this case? VI. Controlling K. How and to what extent are TQM or other techniques of control exercised in this case? L. What can be learned about the nature and implications of control in this case? VII. Summary and Implications M.How and to what extent are the basic functions of management (planning, organizing, leading, and controlling) in or out of conjugation in this case? What is the significance of the alignment or lack of alignment? N. How and to what extent are the basic functions of management (planning, organizing, leading, and controlling) in concert with the environmental conditions? What is the significance of this? O. How and to what extent are ethics and social responsibility exercised in this case? What are the implications of this? P. What, in the end, are your prima ry findings in this case? What are the implications of those findings?

Outline the Cosmological Argument for the Existence of God (21)

Outline the cosmological financial statement for the live onence of beau vagaryl (21) The Cosmological argument is an argument that attempts to prove the existence of God, it is also know as the causation argument which argues that as all events require a manage, if the earthly concern is an event it must have a cause and that cause is God. The argument is a posteriori because its based on evidence that already exists in the universe. The cosmological argument is also inductive because the conclusion is what is most probable, it is also synthetic because the truth john only be determined by experience. Cosmological comes from the Greek words kosmos and logos translated as cosmos identical with universe and Logos meaning blueprint or plan. Therefore, cosmogony refers to the blueprint of the universe. The Cosmological argument originated from Plato and Aristotle however it was mainly later create by St. Thomas doubting Thomas. Their arguments both began with the idea that motion ineluctably a prior agency. Plato wherefore identified the startle cause of the compass of events as the need for an unmoved mover which started off the range of mountains.Aquinas main argument is well known as Aquinas third way the argument from contingency and necessity. The freshman of Aquinas ship force outal was from motion, this follows the idea that all objects move and a change of note is movement. Nothing can move itself, which then leads to the idea of a chain of movement but the chain cannot be infinate, therfor there must be an unmoved mover to begin the chain. This first mover is God. The second of Aquinas ways was from efficiant causes, this follows the idea that all things are caused by whatsoeverthing else because they cant cause themselves or they would exist before themselves.However this would mean that there cant be an non-finite chain of causes, meaning there must be a inaugural cause that caused all causes, then this 1st cause is God. The th ird of Aquinas ways is from contingency and necessity. This follows the idea that everything is hooked of factors outside itself, therefor everything is contingent upon(p). If this is correct then there must be a necessary being upon which everything is dependant on. The necessary being is God.Another part to the cosmological argument is the Kalam argument which was developed by Al Ghazali and recently developed by Craig. The Kalam argument rejects the idea of an actual infinite because an actual infinite past of the universe is impossible. Craig developed the Kalam argument and added that it is logically unsound to propose an infinite series because for this to in reality occur we would have to have travelled an infinite length of clock time and so still wouldnt be in the present yet.However, some would reexamine Aquinas theory, for example Hick pokes holes in aquinass three ways. Hick says that Aquinas present us with two alternatives that the universe is either a fact, or there is a first cause. Aquinas argument can only be proven if there is evidence of a first cause of the universe. (ii )Consider the view that the strengths are more convincing than the weaknesses (9) Leibniz argued that there had to be a sufficient reason for the universe to exist which supports Aquinass theory.Leibniz says that even if the universe had always been in existence, it would still require an explanation for its existence so we can establish that there is something rather than nothing. Since there is nothing deep down the universe to show why it exists the reason must therefor exist outside of it. However Hume dis corresponds with Aquinas and observes that to arrive at the existance of god from the exposit of the cosmological argument, this requires an inductive leap which ineffectively guesses without having actual evidence that allows for the effrontery to be made.This then means that you cannot assimilate an inductive leap or so the universe because we cannot ma ke conclusions about something outside our exerience. In contrast to Hume copelston suports Aquinas rejection of infinite regress based on the idea that an infinite chain of contingent beings would only consist of contingent beings therefor meaning they could never be able to bring themselves into existence. However like Hume, Mackie disagrees with Aquinas inductive leap by stating hat everything at some time must exist to at some point sometime everything does not exist here there is a get overlap of things that just dont make sense to put after eachother as there is clearly something missing in the middle. Taking these points into consideration we can make the assumption that the weaknesses are in actual fact stronger than the strengths because the strenghts agree with the inductive leap aquinas has made, however the leap clearly looks as if something in the middle is missing as you just cant make an assumption on something bigger than us that we have no expience of.

Wednesday, February 27, 2019

Rain Man the Movie

fall universe is a film directed by Berry Levinson. The mental picture won best picture in 1988. This movie is ab stunned a adult male Charlie Babbitt, played by Tom Cruise. In the beginning of the movie Charlie suddenly learns of his estranged and wealthy fathers death. After the funeral, Charlie is subscribe to his fathers last will and testament. He then strippings come out that he is not to be allow ind in the estates finances. This news is evenhandedly disturbing to Charlie. He questions the lawyer to influence out who the money has been remaining too. Charlie finds out that the triplet million dollars had been left to an un-named trustee.Charlie is determined to find out who this unnamed trustee is, and why his father would return so a good deal money to him. Through some digging Charlie finds that the trustee is a man that lives at a mental grounding. Charlie goes there to check out the debut and ask questions. At the understructure Charlie runs into his long lost autistic and charge fellow. It takes him awhile to put the pieces of the puzzle together because Charlie was neer told that he had a br different. Charlie is still angry about not inheriting his fathers money, and is very confused about the news of having an autistic brother.Charlie decides to take his brother away from the institution, and back with him to Los Angeles. The news of having a brother is a elephantine shock to Charlie, the fact that his brother has autism is very difficult for Charlie to deal with. Charlies brothers name is balance beammond Babbitt he is played by Dustin Hoffman. Raymond is not allowed to leave the institution for long than two hours, so it takes some manipulation on Charlies part to finally convince Ray to go with him to Los Angeles on this lengthy cross country road trip. Charlie had to promise Ray that he would take him to a major league baseball game.During the excursion Charlie behind learns much about Raymonds condition. Its very ch allenging for both(prenominal) of them along the way. Charlie slowly learns how to adjust to all of Raymonds autistic ways. Ray always the likes to eat at the same time every twenty-four hour period and gets very upset and nervous if anything is altered from his normal routine. He has trustworthy menus he follows for each day of the week and any variation in these menus seems tragic to him. Ray also followed a strict television routine. He always watches the same programs every day. Ray would drive Charlie crazy by always repeating things, and insisting on only shopping at K-Mart.Along the way Charlie realizes that Raymond has a gift to memorize and count things with great accuracy. To Charlies downfall he ends up taking him to Las Vegas to count cards at the b leave out jack tables at Caesars Palace casino. Although at first Charlie was concern mostly about the money, he does establish a very beardown(prenominal) bond with his brother and decides that he wants him to live wit h him in Los Angeles. The adulterates on the other hand want Raymond to come back to the institution to live. It is unclear if the doctors motives ar the money, or if they truly c ar for this patient.They fetch a custody hearing to determine where Raymond will live. The doctor at the institution meets up with Charlie to try to buy him off with money, but Charlie refuses, it is no longer an issue of money for him he just wants to be with his brother. The following day they go to the custody hearing. Even though it had appeared as though Raymond had do great improvements while in the care of his brother Raymond was unable to provide the psychiatrist and doctor this because he became too nervous. It appears as though he was no different than he was when he left the institution.The decision was do that Raymond would return to the institution to live. Charlie puts Raymond on a train back to the institution with a promise that he will be coming to prate him in two weeks. The movie ends with Raymond counting down the days until Charlies visit. He is counting how many days, weeks, minutes, and even the exact seconds it will be until he will get to see his little brother again. Levinson, B. (1988) Autism is a challenging rowdiness. It causes bulky amounts of stock on families. Autism disorder tends to causes a smokestack of stress on parents, siblings, and caregivers alike.Raising a child with autism usually causes more(prenominal) stress on a parent than mental retardation does due to the lack of interpersonal responsiveness associated with autism. Hoppes and Harris (1990). It is such a commonly k promptlyn disorder for children to be diagnosed with that it scares new moms who are constantly looking for those red flags. If a child has a speech delay then parents practically come concerned about a diagnosis of autism. It will lead parents to have their children tested when sometimes there is no reason for them to be concerned.Pediatricians offices usually have tons of useful information pertaining to identifying symptoms of autism disorder. Some symptoms include but are not limited to violent temper tantrums, they thunder mug appear to be deaf at times but not at others, or not respond when their own name is called. roughly often autism is recognized by a delay in terminology skill or even a regression of skills such as social or communication. Autism affects each individual differently, some cases can be very mild and some can be more severe. Parker and Parker (2002) often parents become aware that something is not right as early as infancy.Sometimes it can take as long as three eld of bestride before they notice something is wrong. It really depends on the severity. Patients with autism will or can show signs of communication problems, difficulty relating to people, difficulty to changes, and repetitive frame movements ex repetitive rocking. Children with autism usually do not like a lot of physical contact they often do not like to even be held by their own parents. It is noted that adults with autism usually find looking people directly in the eye to be a problem, even people that they may know very well.Many people with autism never learn to speak. Parker and Parker (2002) For long time Scientist research to find a bring to, but for now no one even knows exactly what causes autism. It is estimated that somewhere between three to nine percent of the population of the United States has been diagnosed with this disorder. Boys seem to be more likely to get it than girls are by a ratio of 2. 5 to four. Studies seem to show that genetics play a big subroutine as siblings seem to be two hundred times more likely to get this disorder than the general population.Piotrowski (2005). Yet over the years there have been many speculations, news stories and several documentaries on how vaccinations are the main cause of autism, as of yet there has been no scientific proof that this is true Parker and Parker (2002 ). There are also rumors of lead and atomic number 80 being a culprit although I was not able to find a documented source on this that I could cite. There are many people who feel that if they feed their children a certain nourishment plan that it will help their childrens symptoms, again these are not scientifically documented.The main fact here is that there is no cure for autism, but there are treatment options available. The earlier the treatment is started the wagerer chance the patient and families will have at a perchance of living a near-normal life. Usually it is recommended to start treatment before age two. Examples of treatment options are Individualized Education Programs, Comprehensive Treatment Programs, use Behavior Analysis, Positive Behavioral Interventions and Support, and certain types of medications. Parker and Parker (2002) Autism is a challenging disorder. It causes massive amounts of stress on families. Through further education and treatment autism does not have to be a crippling disease, it can be managed with proper treatment and care.References Berkell Zager, D. (1999). Autism Identification, Education, and Treatment. Mahwah,NJ Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 17 Parker, J. & Parker, P. (2002). Official Parents Sourcebook on Autism. San Diego, CA Icon Health Publications, 10-25 Piotrowski, N. (2005). Psychology Basics. Hackensack, NJ Salem Press, 121-126 Johnson, M. (Producer), & Levinson, B. (Director). (1988). Rain Man Motion picture. United States Metro Goldwyn Mayer Studios Inc.

Respecting the environment Essay

Respected Principal and t separatelyers, my dear friends.Assalaam alaikumToday I am going to talk approximately Respecting the environment. When we talk about the environment we mean every affaire in the world around us that surrounds and affects each(prenominal) life on earth, including the glow, food chains, the water cycle, plants, animals and other humans. The oxygen we give out summons from our environment,We get water from the rain which fills our wells and sea,We get food from the plants, animals, angle and birds.We get shelter from the materials we take out of the earth and from plants that grow in the earth to lick our homes. We get warmth from the sun, fire, electricity and our clo affaire, these all come from our planet. The planet we call mother earth. Today the human population has bragging(a) to nearly 7 billion. The main reason our environment is changing is beca practise plurality argon adding greenho intention gases to the atmosphere. The most important gre enho intake gas is speed of light dioxide, which is released whenever people burn fossil fuels to do everyday activities like capricious cars, and making electricity. When greenhouse gases build up in the atmosphere, they cause the human race to heat up, making our planet warmer. As a result the air we breathe gets polluted and too hot for plants and animals to survive.Our planet is changing. We need to friend it change for the better and Im asking for your help to do that. A very simple thing you can do is to use less(prenominal) plastic bags. Plastic is very harmful for environment- once we use it, it will be thrown away it then goes to the waste assembly centre where it takes 500-1000 or more(prenominal) years for it be completely destroyed. some people throw it to the ocean- when turtles eats it thinking its jellyfish, it kills them. It takes a lot of bullion and energy to destroy plastic bags, therefore, sort of of plastic bags, choose to use paper bags. What else can we do?We can plant more trees. Trees be extremely important to human life on earth. Trees give us food, produces oxygen and help us to survive. But today people slice down trees to make way of life for new building, roads and cities. Trees are apply to make newspapers, computer paper, furniture, houses and many other products. If we love planting trees instead of destroying it we could contribute in saving the environment. Did you know that planting trees help to make the ground stronger- Many islands of Maldives have weak land if we plant more trees, we could save islands from getting completely eroded. Another very important thing we can do to help save our environment is to use less electricity. The simplest thing is to remember to turn the lights off when you cater a room Even if youre not using it, leaving something plugged in takes up energy from the Earth Save Water. Water is life. Without water we cannot survive.Something as simple as turning off the water while brush wood your teeth makes a HUGE difference for Planet Earth. Doing this one thing can help save up to 25 gallons of water each month By just doing such a simple thing, you are doing a huge objet dart to save Earth Keep Your train Free of Garbage. The more we keep our Earth clean the happier it will be. Do your part by making sure you dont leave your garbage lying around put it in the recycling or garbage where it belongs. Today I ask you, my dear friends to do your part to protect our environment. I ask you, my friends to be the superheroes who will protect our planet by .because I believe if the environment is safewe are safe. convey you

Tuesday, February 26, 2019

Computers Essay

Books will never be completely subd by computers. Computers nookie crash, and all information will be lost. If the power goes out in your house, you cant read on your computer, but you can pick up a book. What you read on a comp. is just light or whatsoeverthing on a screen. A book is is a permentent physical printing. If computers re pose books, wed all maintain unsafe eye problems. The joy of indicant would be lost. Id abhor to have to depend on a machine for my relaxing reading time. Books atomic number 18 forever, computers are until it breaks down, and everything will be lost. Books can be interpreted care of, as can computers, but there are books that are a hundred years old, I havent perceive of whatsoeverone with the same computer for even 10 yrs.see much experiment on computerI guess comps are getting reinvigorated and better, but books are still better to read. However, on the up status for comps, 1 comp, can store probebly over a hundred books, assort of lik e an i pod. But if the 1 comp breaks, that a hundred books alike. Computers are good, and should store that kind of stuff, but I dont cerebrate it should completly replace the book. That would really suck. You cant haul your computer all over you go, like the bus, waiting rooms, the lunchroom, bed, etc. Too large, awkward and unwieldy. Even laptops.You cant just throw a laptop in your purse. I take books with me everywhere I go so I have something to kill the time with when Im waiting. I read usual on my lunch hour. I read before I go to bed. Sitting in front of a coputer to read makes my eyes, butt and back hurt, because you have to sit up to do it and the computer screen is too bright. Plus, books dont need batteries.I think its very well for kids in school, and Im sure that there are other(a) instances, but I highly doubt that books will ever ferment obsolete.f a book from reading an actual book instead of a screen. . Finding good novels or non-fiction would be more diffi cult because of the tawdriness of all kinds and qualities of same.A computer, even a notebook, will never replace a pocket-sized paperback you can stick in a purse and read anywhere. Books dont need batteries, service, defragging or any of those things.Like legion(predicate) aspiring authors, Im excited by the possibilities posed by on-line publishing, but I have some serious reservations about what could happen if there is an unchecked volume of materials placed out there.Also, collecting royalties could make writing for profit even more of a challenge than it is today.Intro Science has made4 mch developments during the recent decades. It has developed many gadgets for our comfort but in my opinion they cn never replace the conventional things and ways. One of the greatest invention of technology and sciences is computer

The HR Professional Map

In 2009 the CIPD conducted a report on what human resource practiti wizardrs did, their roles, and activities. They interviewed practitioners from a large number of professions across diverse sectors and the result was the production of the HR professional map, that does not focus on job titles, but instead focused on the skills and behaviours. It is simple, flexible and usher out be used as a whole or in part. Starting with and including the two impression professional atomic number 18as, it consists of ten professional areas, eight behaviours and four competency ties.It describes what you need to know and what you need to do, within to each one professional area at four circuits of professional competence. in that respect are eight behaviours that need to be paradeed by HR professionals these are, collaborative, driven to deliver, courage to challenge, role model, curious, decisive thinker, skilled influencer and personally credible. These behaviours are displayed in eac h of the professional areas. there are four bands of competence that sic the theatrical role of professionals at each stage of their life, it details the transactionhip with client, assistance to client ,focus of operation and where time is spent.It also details measures of success and contribution and the relative skill vestibular sense between behaviours and technical ability. The two core professional areas that relate to all HR professionals, at all career levels and job roles, these are Insight, strategy and solutions. There are five activity areas, make a picture, developing actionable insight, delivering situational HR solutions that stick and building capacity and capability that detail tasks that you are required to perform in each capability band. There are also four areas of knowledge.Business, contextual and organisational knowledge and HR professional knowledge. Leading HR, emolument delivery and information. There are six activity areas, along with tasks perf ormed at each band level, theses are Personal leadership,Leading others, Leading IssuesHR function design and serving delivery,HR resource planning and development, delivering value and performance in HR teams and managing HR budgets and finances. The knowledge areas for this core professional area are Leadership, HR service delivery models, Commissioning services and Resource, Performance and Financial management.Employee relations is one of the remaining eight professional areas, an Employee relations professional is required to display knowledge of a strong understanding of employment law, or digest access relevant,current and planned changes to laws relevant to the organisation. There is also a necessity to identify and act to mitigate risk to the organisation, have the knowledge of employee relations risks, and is able to coach managers to resolve emersions, they will also know how to analyse, collate and feedback on communications and messages heard.Activities completed by an Employee relations practitioner are grouped under the headings, Employee relations strategy, policy and practice. Policy, advice and guidance. Complex casework. Collective duologue and consultation and Health and well organism. When an Employee relations Practitioner is displaying competences in band two they will be reactive in most activities, issue lead dealing with current or near term issues. Behaviours that I consider to be displayed by an Employee relations Practitioner are being a decisive thinker, driven to deliver, courage to challenge, personally credible and a role model.The activities I consider to be relevant to an ER adviser in the organisation I worked in are to develop umbrella guidance to managers on ER issues, give accurate and appropriate advice , nurture and support managers. Work closely with managers, instructing them on their role and required actions, guardianship appropriate records and represent the organisation at external tribunals. The skill ba lance between technical ability and behaviours displayed should be 5050 and a measure of success would be for issues/ problems satisfactory resolved and repeat business.

Monday, February 25, 2019

Project Management and Innovation Past and Future Essay

It is unsurprising that ripening of construct is often run as a intention. Yet, theoretic completelyy some(prenominal) assure focal point and construct studies hit evolved over time as distinctively separate field of honors. In this paper we make an attempt to hunt down the basis envision focusing and past as well as prospective of same. By doing so, we contri providede to the nascent academic debate on the interplay surrounded by mental institution and excogitate circumspection.This paper is concerned with lead topics and the interplay between them, namely intro, Research and ripening (R&D) and bulge out guidance. The amour in these topics has exploded recently as they emerged two(prenominal) on the insurance policy agenda and in the corporate strategies. The contribution of technological construct to sphere economic growth has been well established in the economic literature. In the last couple of decades, naked as a jaybird technologies, natural ind ustries, and modernistic business molds create a bun in the oven powered impressive gains in productivity and GDP growth.While in the beginning there was a tendency to equate R&D and innovation, present-day(a) understand of innovation is much broader than purely R&D. R&D is one component of innovation activities and k outrightlight-emitting diodege creation among separates. Innovation emerges as a pervasive and complex force, non only if in the advanced sectors in advanced economies, but also as a phenomenon living in low-tech industry of developing, or catching-up economies. Still, the link between R&D and innovation is often at the core of the innovation studies.Presently, we argon witnessing witnessification of the world as a growing event of specialists organise their naturalise in images or else than on on- difference functional basis. The connection between R&D and take to centering has a long history. Most tools of make prudence have been developed from the focal point of R&D, often with array purposes (Lorell, 1995). The most vivid example of managing R&D throw aways in the usual sector is the PRINCE2 method (UK OGC, 2005). ascribable to the above mentioned difference between R&D and innovation, R&D pick ups should be opulent from innovation pick ups too. Innovation is a non- linear mold, not necessarily technology-led and may not necessarily resolving power from formal R&D investments. Innovation is the exploration and exploitation of unsanded ideas and recombination of existing knowledge in the pursuit of sustained competitive advantage. Besides, twain innovation and R&D protrudes by their reputation differ from formulaic suffers.Thus, there is a need to examine the Innovation intercommunicate perplexity (IPM) as a distinctive area of managing innovation in gives, exploitation the tools and methods of the project concern. The Evolution of discover counseling Theory The genesis of the ideas that led to th e ontogeny of modern project forethought fag end arguably be traced back to the protestant reformation of the 15th century. The Protestants and later the Puritans introduced a make sense of ideas including reductionism, individualism and the protestant work ethic (PWE) that resonate strongly in the spirit of modern project counselling.Reductionism focuses on removing unnecessary elements of a bidding or ceremony and then breaking the process down into its sm totallyest business or unit to understand how it works. Individualism assumes we are active, independent agents who ass manage risks and stimulate ideas. These ideas are made into real matters by kindly actions contingent upon the availability of a language to describe them. The PWE focuses on the inherent value of work. Prior to the protestant reformation most commonwealth maxim work either as a necessary evil, or as a means to an end.For Protestants, serving divinity fudge admitd participating in and working ha rd at worldly activities as this was part of Gods purpose for distributively individual. From the perspective of the evolution of modern project counselling, these ideas were incorporated into two come upon philosophies, Liberalism and Newtonianism. Liberalism included the ideas of capitalism (Adam Smith), the division of labour, and that an busy lifestyle would lead to wealthy societies Newton saw the world as a harmonious mechanism encloseled by a universal impartiality.Applying scientific observations to parts of the whole would allow understanding and insights to occur and last a complete understanding. LITERATURE REVIEW In this paper we stress to establish bridges between two distinctive disciplines project wariness and innovation steering (innovation studies). Despite seemingly interrelated record of both subjects, these two query do principal(prenominal)s have been developing relatively isolated from each other. Innovation StudiesInnovation studies are rooted in the seminal authorship of Joseph Schumpeter in the 1920s-1930s (e. g. Schumpeter, 1934), whose ideas started to gain popularity in the 1960s, as the general interest among policymakers and scholars in technological deviate, R&D and innovation increased. The field formed as a distinctive academic discipline from the 1980s. Scholars like Richard Nelson, Chris freeman, Bengt-Ake Lundvall, Keith Pavitt, Luc Soete, Giovanni Dosi, Jan Fagerberg, Bart Verspagen, Eric von Hippel and others have shaped and formed this discipline.The seminal publications in the area include, inter alia, Freeman (1982), Freeman and Soete (1997), Lundvall (1992), Nelson and Winter (1977, 1982), von Hippel (1988). Regarding the definition of innovation a general consensus has been achieved among innovation scholars who broadly understand this phenomenon as a transformation of knowledge into new products, processes and renovations. An in-depth review of the innovation literature is beyond the circumstance o f this paper (refer to Fagerberg (2004) for much(prenominal) analysis).Our intention is to outline important directions of seek. In a recent paper, Fagerberg and Verspagen (2009) abide a comprehensive analysis of the cognitive and organizational characteristics of the emerging field of innovation studies and consider its prospects and challenges. The authors trace evolution and dynamics of the field. Reflecting the complex nature of innovation, the field of innovation studies unites various academic disciplines. For examples, Fagerberg and Verspagen (2009) define four main assembles of innovation scholars.They are Management (cluster 1), Schumpeter Crowd (cluster 2), Geography and Policy (cluster 3. 1), outskirt (cluster 3. 2) and Industrial Economics (cluster 4). For the purposes of our analysis we shall have a closer fancy at the Management cluster, since it is here where the connection between innovation and Project Management can be found. In fact Management is the smalle st cluster within the entire network of innovation scholars, consisting of only 22 scholars, in general sociologists and focus scholars, with a geographical bias towards the USA.This small itemize of scholars (22) is in sharp contrast with the broadgest clusters ? Geography and Policy (298 scholars) or Schumpeter Crowd (309). In terms of publication preferences, apart from Research Policy, the favorite journal for innovation scholars, members of Management cluster see management journals as the most germane(predicate) publishing outlets, particularly Journal of Product Innovation Management, Management information and Strategic Management Journal. Fagerberg and Verspagen (2009, p. 29) see a strong link between innovation and management and provide a following description Management is to some extent a cross-disciplinary field by default and firm-level innovation falls naturally within its portfolio. . So between innovation studies and management there cl other(a) is some comm on ground. Project Management The project management as a human activity has a long history e. g. construction of Egyptian pyramids in 2000 BC may be regarded as a project activity. However, the start for the modern Project Management era, as a distinctive research area, was in the 1950s.Maylor (2005) determines trio major stages of the PM historical development. Before the 1950s, the PM as such(prenominal) was not recognized. In the 1950s, tools and proficiencys were developed to support the management of complex projects. The ascendant thinking was establish on one best way approach, found on numerical methods. The third stage, from the 1990s onwards is characterized by the ever-changing environment in which projects take place. It is more and more realized that a project management approach should be contingent upon its context.It is also storied that a shift is observed over time in development of project management from focus on sole project management to the broader man agement of projects and strategic project management (Fangel, 1993 Morris, 1994 Bryde, 2003). Reflecting these changes in the managerial practices, the consistency of academic literature on PM has evolved and burgeoned. International Journal of Project Management and Project Management Journals became the flagship publication outlets for PM scholars and practitioners.A braggy number of (managerial) handbooks outlining the methods and techniques of PM have been published, e. g. Andersen et al (2004), Bruijn et al (2004) Kerzner (2005), Maylor (2005), Meredith and Mantel (2006), muller (2009), Roberts (2007), food turner (1999), Turner and Turner (2008). Despite a growing number of publications, there is no unified theoretical basis and there is no unified theory of project management, due to its multidisciplinary nature (Smyth and Morris, 2007). Project management has a more applied nature than other management disciplines.Although the PM has formed as a distinct research field, t here is no universal, generally accepted definition of a project and project management. Turner (1999) develops a generic definition of a project A project is an endeavor in which human, financial and material resources are organised in a novel way to undertake a unique scope of work, of given specification, which constraints of cost and time, so as to achieve beneficial change defined by quantitative and qualitative bearingives.There have been some(prenominal) attempts to provide an overview of the state-of-the-art research in PM and outline its trends and future directions (e. g. , PMI, 2004 Betts and Lansley, 1995 Themistocleous and Wearne, 2003 Crawford et al, 2006 Kloppenberg and Opfer, 2002). In a recent article, Kwak and Anbari (2009) review relevant academic journals and discern eight allied disciplines, in which PM is being applied and developed. These disciplines include such areas as Operation Management, Organizational Behavior, Information engine room, Engineering and Construction, dodging/Integration, Project Finance and Accounting, and Quality and Management. Notably, one of these eight allied disciplines is Technology Application / Innovation / New Product Development / Research and Development. The authors found that only 11% of journal publications on the subject of project management fell under the Innovation heading. Yet, importantly, this area pictureed sustained upward interest, and hence the number of publications, since the 1960s.Overall, Kwak and Anbari (2009) conclude that the mainstream PM research proceeds for the most part in the Strategy / Integration / Portfolio Management / Value of PM / merchandise direction (30% of all publications examined by the authors). PM AND INNOVATION THE PAST Projects in one form or another have been undertaken for millennia, but it was only in the latter part of the 20th century people started public lecture about project management. Earlier endeavors were seen as acts of worship, engineerin g or nation building.And the people pull wiresling the endeavors saw themselves as members of groups focused on specific callings such as generals, priests and architects. There is an important distinction to be drawn here between projects a temporary Endeavour undertaken to create a unique product, service or result and the trading of project management or at least modern project management. For a discipline to be considered a profession a number of attributes are generally considered necessary these are Practitioners are required to pertain formal educational and entry requirements, autonomy over the terms and conditions of practice, a code of ethics, a commitment to service ideals, a monopoly over a discrete body of knowledge and related skills. Within this context, project management is best considered an emerging profession that has developed during the last 30 to 40 years. Over this period project management associations around the world have developed a generally consi stent view of the processes involved in project management, encoded these views into Bodies of Knowledge (BoKs), described competent behaviors and are now certifying knowledgeable and/or competent Project Managers.Certainly, if modern project management does not qualify as a fully fledged profession at this point in time, it will evolve into one plumb quickly. The Evolution of Project Management Tools The central theme running through the various project management opinions is that project management is an integrative process that has at its core, the balancing of the iron triangle of time, cost and output. All three facets must be present for a management process to be considered project management. The evolution of cost and scope prevail into relatively punctilious processes occurred during the 14th and 18th Centuries respectively.Time management needed effective measurement and rule until the emergence of critical path scheduling in the 1960s. The branch of management that gave rise to the development of the unfavorable Path Method of scheduling was running(a) Research (OR). OR is an interdisciplinary recognition which uses methods such as numeral modeling and statistics to assist decision making in complex real-world situations. It is distinguished by its ability to look at and improve an entire sy angry walk, rather than concentrating on specific processes which was the focus of Taylors scientific management.The growth of OR was facilitated by the increasing availability and power of computers which were needed to carry out the large numbers of calculations typically required to analyze a system. pic Figure 1. The Iron Triangle The root project to add science to the process of time control was undertaken by Kelley and Walker to develop the Critical Path Method (CPM) for E. I. du Pont de Numours. In 1956/57 Kelly and Walker started developing the algorithms that became CPM. The computer programme they developed was trialled on plant shutdowns in 1957 And the first paper on critical path scheduling was published in 1959.The critical get together to approve this project was held on the 7th May 1957 in Newark, Delaware, where DuPont and Remington Rand collectively committed US$226,400 to fund the project. The al-Qaidas of modern project management were move in 1957 but it took another 12 years before Dr Martin Barnes first described the iron triangle of time, cost and output in a course he developed for his UK clients in 1969 called Time and Money in Contract Control. PM AND INNOVATION THE FUTURE Defining PM for FutureThe biggest challenge facing project management is answering the examination what is a project? Until this question can be answered unambiguously the foundation of project management cannot be defined. Current definitions such as the PMBOKs a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service or result can apply to the baking of a patty as easily as the construction of a multi story buildi ng. They are both temporary endeavors to create a unique outcome but in all probability the baking of a cake is not a project.The traditional view of projects embedded in the various BoKs is derived from both the management theories underpinning modern project management and the industrial base of early project management practitioners (construction / defense / engineering). The BoKs tend to treat projects as naturally occurring entities that need to be managed. This is an easy enough assumption when focusing on a building or a battle ship. There is a physical presence that occupies a defined space that needs creating in a defined timeframe to a defined scope.This view assumes project exists and project management is about transforming the raw materials of the project into a finished and helpful form. Consequently it is the presence of the project itself that defines project management. The PMBOKs version is The finish of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project activiti es to meet project requirements. However, if we cannot precisely define a project, there is no basis for project management and consequently no foundation for a useable theory of project management.Researchers and academics are start to reverse the idea that a project is necessary for project management to exist and suggest it is the application of project management to an endeavour that creates a project. Some of the ideas being discussed include Projects as Temporary Knowledge Organizations (TKOs). This civilize of thought focuses on the idea that the primary instrument of project management is the project team up and the recognition that predictability is not a reality of project management.Some make ideas include o The concept of the project team as a complex adaptive system (or organism), living on the edge of chaos responding and adapting to its surroundings (ie the projects stakeholders) offers one new impersonate of insights. o The idea of Nonlinearity suggests that yo u can do the same thing several times over and get completely different results. pocket-sized differences may lead to big changes whilst big variations may have tokenish effect. This idea questions the validity of detailed programming attempting to predict the path of a project (the butterfly effect, constrained by strange attractors). The concept of Complex Responsive Processes of Relating (CRPR) puts emphasis on the interaction among people and the essentially responsive and participative nature of the human processes of organizing and relating. According to the modern trend in these field, consequence of accepting these theories is to shift the focus of project management from the object of the project to the people involved in the project (ie, its stakeholders), and to recognize that it is people who create the project, work on the project and close the project with all innovation.Consequently the purpose of most if not all project control documents such as schedules and cos t plans shift from being an attempt to control the future this is impossible to a process for communicating with and influencing stakeholders to encourage and turn over their involvement in the project. Notwithstanding the advantages of project management, it would be unreasonable to bear all innovation to be carried out through projects. In fact, umpteen ideas are generated by employees in a company on a regular basis, not only within project teams.Thus, there is surely a room for functional, on-going organization of innovation process. Even more so, in certain situations project management can be detrimental to innovation. Aggeri and Segrestin (2007) show that the recent project development methods in automotive industry can induce negative set up on collective learning processes and these effects have managerial implications for innovative developments. Argument for Managing Innovation in Projects The origins of project management in the manufacturing and construction ndust ries determine an engineering perspective, viewing a project as a task-focused entity, proceeding in a linear or similar way from the point of initiation to implementation. This view prevailed until relatively recently. This view is seemingly in stark contrast with the nature of innovation. It is more and more being acknowledged that the innovation is a complex non-linear process. The earliest view on innovation process as a pipeline model (whereby a given input is transformed to a specific output) has been mostly abandoned.Presently, however, project management is progressively recognised as a key generic skill for business management (Fangel, 1993), rather than a planning-oriented technique or an application of engineering sciences and optimization theory, in which project management has its roots (Soderlund, 2004). The management by projects has emerged as general mode of organizing for all forms of enterprise (Turner 2003). This new conceptualization of project management en ables to embrace the non-linear nature of innovation.Even a creative and non-linear nature of innovation is often characterized as an organizational or management process, rather than spontaneous improvisation. Davila et al. (2006) state, Innovation, like many an(prenominal) business functions, is a management process that requires specific tools, rules, and discipline. Hence, a project, with its defined objective, scope, budget and limitations, can be an appropriate setting of innovation. The other closely linked element in the new world of project management with innovation is embracing uncertainty. Writing on paper cannot control the futureSchedules do not control time cost plans do not control costs. Plans outline a possible future and provided a basis for recognizing when things are not going to plan. For innovation project management to succeed, both project and senior management are going to need to embrace uncertainty and learn skills to manage it rather than expecting pred ictability and necessarily being disappointed by the variability of reality as it unfolds. Challenges of experiential Studies Scarcity and unreliability, or even lack of entropy poses a big challenge in research in both innovation and project management. A macro-level research n PM is obstructed by the lack of data on the number of projects, carried out by firms and public institutions, and their characteristics. Problems stem from the definition of a project and the non-disclosure policy of most companies. In such circumstances, PM research has tended to rely on case-studies or on belittled tailor-made surveys. There is a widely acknowledged lack of large-scale empirical research in PM (Kloppenborg and Opfer, 2002 Soderlund, 2004). It is claimed that the Independent Project compend (IPA) is the market leader in quantitative analysis of project management systems, i. . in project evaluation and project system benchmarking (IPA, 2007). All IPA analyses and research are based on proprietary databases. As of mid-2009, IPAs databases pick out more than 11,000 projects of all sizes ($20,000 to $25 billion) executed across the world. Each year, approximately 1,000 projects are added with representation from the many different industries served by IPA. Each project in our databases is characterized by over 2,000 project attributes, including technology, project scope, project type, project costs, year of authorization, and geographical location (IPA 2009).All information contained in the IPA databases is cautiously protected and kept as confidential proprietary data (IPA, 2009). Due to the issues of confidentiality, access for academic researchers is restricted. In the innovation field, academic community has been increasingly using several sources of data, such as granted patents, tailor-made surveys, as well as other data provided by national statistical offices. European research on innovation uses several instruments to obtain data on innovation indicators and to assess national innovation performance.The two main instruments are the Community Innovation Survey (CIS) and the European Innovation notice (EIS). As of 2009, five successful CIS surveys have been carried out CIS1 (1992), CIS2 (1996), CIS3 (2001), CIS4 (2004) and CIS 2006. Each new round was characterized by an improved questionnaire, in line with the evolution of understanding of the phenomenon of innovation. The more recent surveys embraced understanding of innovation in a broader sense, and for example, paying(a) more attention to service innovations.Further, it is expected that the future surveys will also include management techniques, organizational change, environmental benefits, and design and marketing issues. We signal that, taken into consideration the growing relevance of innovation projects, a clearer and univocal wording should be used in CIS questionnaire for determining whether innovation is organized and carried out in projects or functionally. CONCLUSI ONS Innovation studies and project management as distinctive disciplines have been developing in a relative isolation from each other.The analysis in innovation studies domain has rarely explored the mechanisms and patterns of innovation in projects in contrast to traditional (functional or hierarchical) organization. However, since innovation management in companies is increasingly organized in projects, it is of utmost importance to forthwith address the interplay between innovation management and project management. In this paper, based on the relevant literature and insights from practice, we conceptually examined the relationships between these two research areas aiming at bridging the gap between them.It is widely acknowledged within the discipline of innovation studies that there is a high percentage of failure of innovation initiatives, in other words, failure is inevitable when managing innovation. The key skill set of the competent project manager will be identifying and managing stakeholder expectations using tools such as the Stakeholder circle to help identify the projects key stakeholders. Innovation is perceived as a luxury, not as a necessity. Therefore, it is of high priority to manage innovation effectively and efficiently with constrained budgets.

Rhetorical Analysis of Jfk Inaugural Speech Essay

In early(a) 1961, the United States of America was enduring racial tensions and inequalities on the home-front, as hearty as waging war against Communism and the Cold War internation all in ally. Chaos and precaution had penetrated the minds of the Ameri put up people because the Cold War was near its pinnacle the American people abundanted for a strong, reassuring leader. John F. Kennedy provided that reassurance in his Inaugural Address. taking the current guinea pig and international turmoil into account, Kennedy sought to persuade the republics people to Join in his efforts and unify together in order to achieve peace.The inaugural address is saturated with rhetorical strategies pursuance to flatter the American People and utilizes words of encouragement to evoke sum. Kennedy was suitable to effectively induce a profound kairotic moment at which his pr separatelying can make the around difference or have the most influence. The speech persuades the American people by providing motivating propositions through and through appeals to ethos, watchword and pathos. Kennedys inaugural address plays to an irrefutably persuading rhythm.Strong, motivational verbs are Joined with sophisticated adjectives in a macrocosmner that would make the most nane speech capable of swaying an wide population. In order to capture the minds of the American people, Kennedy begins with an antithesis, scrubing his victory, a jubilancy of autonomy-symbolizing an end, as well as a beginning. This statement is to check up on the people that they are embarking in a new era of clean up and peace, the end of turmoil, and the beginning of prosperous tranquility.Similar to the Declaration of Independence, Kennedys speech emphasizes the unification of the clownish through the use of parallelism and Juxtaposition. Kennedy appeals to his udiences ethos through visions of freedom and American values. He does this through the Juxtaposition of freedom from the tyranny of man and the reliance of God to provide such freedom. By utilizing a retell from Isaiah, .. to undo heavy burdens and let the oppressed go free, Kennedy persuades all who listen to pursue freedom because it is both their God given sound and their patriotic duty.Kennedy emphasizes his argument for patriotic unification by effectively use anaphora to break his pledges and propositions into segments. The repetition of declarative lements exemplifies his pledge that he leave behind proceed to pursue peace and encourage action. He declares, to those new states whom we receive to the ranks of the free, and, to those peoples in huts and villages across the globe in order to evokes nationalistic feelings through the appeal to pathos.This pledge of calm persuasiveness exemplifies his stasis of remaining strong and structured amongst the division of tyranny. Kennedys choice of such language caused his audience to find it sturdy to disagree with such an amiable stance. He stated, United, in that location is little e cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not make for a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder. This statement exemplifies the importance of international and national unification.Due to the Cold War, Kennedy is extremely intent on bringing liberty to the world much more than protecting the liberties already present. However, it is evident that there was an underlying fear in his pledge almost a supplication to advisories for union and non violent where disagreeing with him would seem unpatriotic and weak, In your hands, my ellow citizens, more than mine, will rest the final success or failure of our course.Since this country was founded, each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national fealty. The graves of schoolgirlish Americans who answered the call to service surround the globe. Kennedy chose words such as, national loyalty, in order to evoke an appeal to et hos and logos and graves of young Americans to appeal to their pathos. He points to the resiliency of the United States and the need for the people to continue to support the ideals of freedom that ave seemed forgotten.The people were challenged to Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, to assure the survival of the fittest and the success of liberty. Kennedy success entirey appeals to the pathos and ethos of the audience in order to establish his views of the inane strength and duty within all Americans. In the coating of his speech, Kennedy cleverly positions one of the most memorable quotes of history.While the audience is full of excitement and atriotic duty because of his previous statement calling for strength and faith, he pauses for a moment and states And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what you r country can do for you ask what you can do for your coun try. This statement attenuates itself to the rhetorical instrument of kairos because the placement and the time in which Kennedy chose to speak the words provided its long lasting impact. The influence of this statement has persuading many Americans to act upon their own stasis and personify true freedom and strength for their country.

Sunday, February 24, 2019

Issues in Psychological Testing

Issues in mental Testing PSY/475 October 24, 2011 Issues in Psychological Testing What atomic number 18 at least devil estimable stretch outs associated with psychological sampleing? What extend to do these forces have on the field of psychological interrogation? communicate cause on involves the figure out by which a psychologist gain an individuals voluntary take over prior to the administration of an estimation or test. As stated by Hogan (2007), The psychologist is responsible for informing the person about the constitution and purpose of the estimation (p. 91). When providing this knowledge it is imperative that the psychologist do so in a manner that is understandable to the examinee, it needs to be communicated on his or her level. If the patient or examinee is under the legal age of consent or in unable to authorize consent for another source parents, a legal guardian, or appropriate substitute essential hence provide consent. It is important that the psy chologist convey that consent can be indrawn at either magazine during the perspicacity process (Hogan, 2007).Exceptions to this rule last including assessments mandated by the court or other government regulation in which baptistery the psychologist need only explain the nature and purpose of the test as well as any limitations to the rule of confidentiality (American Psychological Association,n. d. ). Implied consent is another exception and applies to assessments administered during the caper application process and institutional testing programs such as school assessments (Hogan, 2007, p. 591). Test earnest is another ethical issue related to psychological testing.The administrator for a test must en trusted that materials and scored results are kept in a secure spatial relation and not easily accessed by unauthorized persons. Care should be interpreted to refrain from revealing the content of a test (test items) publicly d single media outlets or regular casual conver sations. Both of these issues are significant to the process of psychological testing. Informed consent is necessary to provide anyone volunteering to take an assessment or test the opportunity to fully consider what in-person instruction impart be revealed as well as any ramifications that may result in doing so.Participants must be afforded the chance to make this determination without the undue influence of others. Most tests require the cooperation of participants if they are expected to collapse true and accurate results with any degree of reliability. Addition every last(predicate)y, test security is significantly important as well to ensure that individuals who participate in an assessment do not have prior knowledge or word picture to the questions asked. Psychological tests are more reliable when the examinee has not had time to prepare or rehearse the upshots they will provide.If the contents of assessments given to prospective employees are revealed to the public , individuals who have seen them may have a significant and inequitable advantage over those who have not. What are at least two legal issues associated with psychological testing? How do these issues affect the field of psychological testing? The equal protection article, found under Section one of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States geological formation is important to psychological testing. This cla map provides that all individuals shall be afforded protection under the same laws as everyone else regardless of class, race, gender, and so onAccording to Hogan (2007), If a test (or anything else) operates to arbitrarily restrict the rights (including opportunities) of some individuals (citizens), thence the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment becomes relevant (p. 600). The relevance of this clause as it relates to psychological testing is that no test or quantity should be employ for the purpose of identifying an individual as a unique(predicate) rac e, gender, class, sexual orientation, religion, culture, or age.If such tests are used for the purpose of secernment it will yield untrue or skewed results because people will not feel secure enough to disclose any person-to-person information that could lead to them existence rejected on the basis of any of these factors. The Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (or FERPA) of 1974 is another important legal issue that relates to psychological testing. FERPA guarantees that individuals, parents, or legal guardians have a right to openly access to any information about themselves, or children in the case of parents and guardians.Additionally, they can challenge the validity of information in agency files, and that unjustifiable other parties do not have access to personal information (Hogan, 2007, p. 604). With regard to testing this means that there should be access to assessment and test scores and that the release and availability of these scores is limited to specialised p ersons unless consent has otherwise been provided. Which court case do you feel has had the largest bushel on the field of psychological testing? Why? I recollect the class action lawsuit Soroka v.Dayton Hudson Corporation filed in 1989 impacted the use of psychological testing in the pre-employment screening process. The lawsuit claimed that portions of the Minnesota Multiphasic nature Inventory and the California Psychological Inventory, which security applicant were required to take during the application process violated the privacy provisions of the California Constitution and certain anti-discrimination laws (American Psychological Association, n. d. , Issue). The complainant contended that the required inventories contained questions that were invasive, probative, and had no significant job relevance.According to Saterfiel and Associates(2003), the true or false questions included statements such as I believe my sins are unpardonable I am attracted to members of my cons ume sex My sex live is satisfactory I have neer been in trouble because of my sexual behavior and I feel sure there is only one true religion (Saroka v. Dayton Hudson). Target used these inventories to help identify emotional characteristics that deemed to be problematic in security personnel.Target claimed to have no knowledge of the responses provided by prospective employees stating that The tests were administered with answer sheets which were then placed in sealed envelopes and sent to the consultants for scoring and reading material (American Psychological Association, n. d. , Facts). Target further asserted that they received only reports from their consultants and neer saw any candidates responses to the inventories questions. It was determined by the brilliant Court that the complainants failed to establish that employment was denied based on religion, sexual orientation, or sexual traits.Upon appeal this decision was reversed and Target eventually colonised the cas e out of court. I think this case was important to the issue of psychological testing, specifically their use in the pre-employment screening process because even when outside consultants are used, businesses and corporations administering tests such as the ones in this case, seek personal information that in most cases is not relevant to the job being sought. Subsequently, the evaluations, depending on who is completing them may display bias toward potential employees for reasons that go against the rights afforded to us under the U. S. Constitution.References American Psychological Association. (n. d. ). Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of acquit 2010 Amendments. Retrieved from http//www. apa. org/ethics/code/index. aspx American Psychological Association. (n. d. ). Soroka v. Dayton Hudson Corp. , dba Target Stores. Retrieved from http//www. apa. org/about/offices/ogc/amicus/soroka. aspx Hogan, T. P. (2007). Psychological testing A practical introduction (2nd ed. ). H oboken, NJ Wiley. Saterfiel and Associates. (2003). Legality Issues backing the Use of Pre-Employment Testing. Retrieved from http//www. employment-testing. com/legality. htm

Comparative Study Between Waiting for Mahatma and Kanthapura

style - COMPARISON BETWEEN THE IMAGES OF GANDHI IN KANTHAPURA AND WAITING FOR THE MAHATMA Name - Purbita Bhattacharya M. A. 1ST SEMESTER hoist - ME 110042 PAPER 2 SUPERVISED BY - PROF. CHANDRANATH ADHIKARY The myth WAITING FOR THE MAHATMA deals with the reputation of a young man named Sriram whose life revolves round the influence of Mahatma on him during the years of Indian Freedom Struggle. In his age of twenty he meets a girl named Bharati, an ardent Gandhi follower and was collecting money for some funds. Her life is pretty much revolving around Gandhiji and his movement.By presenting Mahatma realistically in townsfolk Narayan has portrayed a concrete icon of Gandhi. The people of Malgudi force out enamor Gandhi, can touch him and even can spend time with him by attending his lectures and the shavas. Narayan, here, through this fable has shown the down-to-earth public figure of Gandhi. He comes to town, moves on his own whims and fancies, does not stay at the guest ho use nor with the rich persons, and prefers to stay in the untouchable colony, gives speeches and also meets with people. Even in this novel we are shown that Bharati takes Sriram to meet Gandhiji. And Sriram is told to do what Bharati tells him.She becomes his Guru. Later, Sriram moves to cave in hills, gets deeper into the Quit India Movement, tries to phalanx the marriage issue with Bharati but gets rejected. Then he gets involved with a terrorist called Jagadish who is wanted by the police. He visits his grandmother in disguise who survives a death scare and is rescued off dramatically in her funeral pyre when her toes start wiggling. Then Sriram gets arrested at the burial groundworks and goes to jail. His only consolation is that Bharati is also in jail somewhere. In jails he meets many several(predicate) types of criminals and is finally released after the British leaves India.Then he again meets Bharati who invites him to Delhi. He at that place proposes her again and they seek the blessing of Mahatma who promises to perform their wedding himself on the really next morning. On the next morning they go to the prayer face-off where a person rushes up to the stage to the Mahatma and shoots him. WAITING FOR THE MAHATMA dwells on the freedom struggle, the Mahatma and his modalitys, and the kind of an tinct he had on the youth in those days. By the physical presence of Gandhi, Narayan brings up many arguments through different characters, those who tit a violent route and those who follow Gandhiji.But such was the power of his condemnation that they followed him and his words to death. Love the enemy, and then will he change, tell Gandhiji and they all tried to enjoy their enemy. They practiced non-violence, spun the charka and do khadi, shunned all outside things, behaved like true Satyagrahis all at an age when they would hardly understand the true importance of what they are doing. Gandhijis take on untouchability is shown tincting Sri ram as he wonders how his grandmother ill treats the boy who comes to clean the road.The much sacrifices were demanded from the youth and his followers, and they did try to be the perfect examples of what Gandhiji had asked for them. The Abstractness of Gandhis Image in KANTHAPURA by Raja Rao Till now we were concentrating on the concrete image and impact of Gandhi through Narayans WAITING FOR THE MAHATMA. Now in comparison with this image I have chosen KANTHAPURA , by Raja Rao, which also shows the impact of Gandhi on the villagers but not by his physical presence, but by the presence of Gandhi in the villagers mind.They have never seen Gandhi, but they are familiar by the name of Gandhi as the image of God. KANTHAPURA is also a document of the National Struggle of India for liberty. The man, who is struggling and bringing out the image and influence of Gandhi to the villagers, is Moorthy. Like WAITING FOR THE MAHATMA , KANTHAPURA was also written before Independence and is deali ng with the magic of Gandhianism that changes India from a somnolent to an unquestionable battle ground for British Raj. Kanthapura is a village as traditional and self comfortable as any other Indian village.But the first sign of flounce comes from outside but is brought to them by their own beloved Moorthy a Gandhi-man. The villagers love for Harikatha is gently subverted by him and made into a alsol to spread the meaning of nationalism and Gandhis principle. Jayaramachar, a popular harikatha singer sings the myth of Gandhi and his divinely task of driving the red man from our land. Slowly the entire familiarity warms up against the British rule. With the principle of non violence sullied by the villagers Moorthy like the Mahatma undergoes fasting, ritualistic purification in temple.Raja Rao has presented Gandhiji as a myth to the villagers of Kanthapura. Gandhi, was like the mythological character to them. They have not seen Gandhi, but Moorthy seems to them similar to G andhi. In him the villagers can find out their Gandhi. So that at the last phase of the novel we can see that Moorthy has been mythicised like Gandhi by his village people. The Comparative reputation between the Gandhian Impact on both WAITING FOR THE MAHATMA and KANTHAPURA - Gandhi is practically being cited more as a matter of form and contrivance than a deep conviction.The Gandhian impact on contemporary Indian literature has brought about results at various levels, and in various direction. As regards the writers picking of language, we have seen that one result of the Gandhian influence has been a general preference for the mother tongue or the regional language, and occasionally a purposeful bilingualism, the same writer manipulation his mastery his own mother tongue as well as English.Besides whatever the language medium chosen, the stress has been more on simpleness and clarity and immediate effectiveness than on ornateness or sense or laborious artistry, and this has been as marked in English opus as in writing in the regional languages. As regards the choice of themes and the portrayal of character, the Gandhian influence has been no less marked. There has been a more or less conscious shift of emphasis from the city to the village, or there is implied a contrast between the two urban luxury and sophistication on the one hand and rural modes and dexterity on the other.R. K. Narayan, however makes Gandhi himself a character in WAITING FOR THE MAHATMA. Gandhi materially and directly affects the fortunes of Narayans heroine Bharati, and her loer Sriram and the novel ends with Gandhis death at the hands of an Asian on the way to prayer. Whereas Raja Rao has made Gandhi a mythical aspect in his novel KANTHAPURA. The villagers of Kanthapura sacrifice their all mend following the Gandhian ideology. They were betrayed. Because Gandhiji, after meeting with the Viceroy, withdrawed the Boycott. But still they followed the way of Gandhianism towards Nationalism.CONCLUSION- In both the novels by these contemporary writers we can see that Gandhiji determined stress again and again on moral and spiritual set in contrast to material achievement, although this had its place too he knew that too much industrialization must spell disaster to the seven lacks of Indians villages and he adopted the loin cloth and the Sevagram way of life because he mat that, for the teeming millions of Indians, no other life is possible yet he knew that even such bare colourless life could be made reasonably full and purposive.Although for at least 60 years, at least Gandhi has been the subject of biographical and expository studies J. J. Dokes M. K. Gandhi The Man Who Became One with the worldwide Being followed 15 years after the approach of the Gandhi birth cenetary had intelligibly stimulated of late a greatly increased flow of Gandhian literature. Mahatma Gandhi 100 years , edited by S.Radhakrishnan, was brought out by the Gandhi placidit y Foundation in 1968, and contained numerous tributes by Gandhis friends and admirers, all over the world. While several contributors Rajaji, Richard B. Gregg, Swami Ranganadhananda, B. N. Rau, G. Ramachandran have tried to stress one or another aspect of Gandhis life and personality, many others have bemoaned the event that Gandhianism is hardly a live force in India today.

Bias: Stereotype and People

Living in the world, we face various kinds of peck every day, which means we need to fetch with others and make decisions upon others. Natur ally, the attitude and method in dealing with diversity becomes a basic skill for tribe. It is principal(prenominal) to last how to communicate and make decisions in a proper way.Facing diverse pot and objects, pile usually bump them. The advantage people gain from variety is organizing and do things easier to understand. However, when it comes to communication and decision-making, classification may cause al nigh problems. As the name indicates, the topic of the obtain goes around boss, and it provides the readers a better understanding of embosss what the pigeonholes argon how stereotypes impact people and clientele and what to do when stereotypes happen. It also provides a lot of useful training and skills about how to communicate with people respectfully to gain profit for our business and us.After this book, I realized th at classification becomes stereotype occasionally, and stereotype is a pivotal part that makes us failed from communicating and making decisions successfully. Either as a normal person or a businessman, we need to be cautions non to let stereotypes become the reason of making us failing. In a diverse society, the advantage is that we can always draw a bead on new and different moot from those we buzz off already had, but the challenge is how to treat people around us who argon different from us equally. peck bias naturally, and we all tend to let some of the stereotype come into our communication (Aguilar, 2006). In my opinion, stereotype is the kind of definition that depends on the trend that most people think instead of the truth. It makes all people who have the uniform distinction into one convocation without really knowing about their individualities. Sometimes we stereotype people unknowingly by non taking what we say as stereotypes, and sometimes we think the stere otypes we say are impregnable ones. For example, it is often perceive that Young people today do not work as hard as the older generation. And European girls are always more(prenominal) beautiful than the girls in other area. However, any kind of stereotype may turn out to hurt people whether by intention or not.There is research shows that there are increasing chance that negative stereotype could activate the people who are class to become members of thestereotyped group (Campbell & Mohr, 2011). After discipline the book, I understood that the stereotypes, which people use to help oneself them understand or sort something they do not really know about, may turn our to lead them to the wrong places. In business, the main inefficiency of stereotype is in management, which is always considered to be a barrier that prevents people from making the right decisions. There is research shows that when the perceived positive stereotypes are brought into the foreland of people, the stereotypes can affect people by making them do worsened on something that they can do better (Killermann).In fact, there are some people we do not know very well that are always stereotyped by us. We tend to judge them by their groups, which seems easier for us to classify them without taking much(prenominal) time to understand who they really are. particularly when facing people with different skin tones, religions and nations, it seems that we will easily get into stereotypes. For example, I used to think and say that African American people are unplayful at sports and Asian people are good in math. When meeting an African American or Asian person, I judge them automatically by the stereotype which was already formed in my mind without knowing much of them.Actually, the African American can be good at math, and the Asian can be really good at sports. In the Managing Diversity lecture, I learned in innovation of Business, which indicates that everyone is unique and not just a representing a demographic group. If the alike(p) stereotype I just mentioned happens in a company, sometimes it causes problems, because there will be a great possibility that managers will err a person and project them in wrong working places and positions. People use stereotypes to make decisions about coworkers, managers and customers with little or no information about the person. A stereotyped person is not seen for who she is and what she can put up to the business. (Chinn)The people who are stereotyped will be discouraged because their abilities and talents are covered as well. Both the person who holds the stereotype and the person who is stereotyped will be affected. If you see a group of people the same way, you will miss the individuality of them. It is important to communicate against stereotypes that have a great influence on business. Also, it is necessary to know what to do if things have already gone wrong. There is another important thing in this bookhow to m ake up the loss caused by stereotype. The first important thing we need to know is what to do when we realize the misplays is alreadymake.Before reading this book, sometimes I could not confront the mistake I make because I felt guilty and shy to make it up. Sometimes I just cut offd it, and sometimes I switched to another topic if I found myself saying things wrong. However, I realized that it could altogether make the fact worse by running away from the mistakes after reading the book. It is the same in business. At first, we should film the mistake as soon as we realize it, and then find a way to make it up.If we ignore the mistake, both the reputation of the company and customer satisfaction will be influenced. By leaseting mistakes in time and finding ways to make up, we sometimes get better result than we think. I had a personal association of being stereotyped. When I was trying to find a foundation in a cosmetics shop, the shop assistant kept recommending me a color t hat was much whiter than my skin color, and it was until I showed my dissatisfaction did the shop assistant apologize to me. She explained that she thought most Asian women like foundations that are whiter than their original skin color, and that was the reason she put on a lot of foundation on my face that I did not like. Then she chose a color in terms of my honest skin color instead of what she thought Asian women would like.Actually, I was snug with the one she picked for me at last. Even though I was stereotyped, by victimisation a sincere justification, letting me know the reason of her mistake and making the right choice eventually, the shop assistant fixed the problem she made successfully. In this case, if the shop assistant did not admit the stereotype mistake she made, I probably would leave the cosmetic shop and never go back again. Inversely, I think the most important thing she did was to admit she stereotyped me with a sincere attitude. In this way, she gained my understanding and forgiveness. It is the same in many stereotype cases as the book Ouch, The Stereotype Hurts mentions.An insincere apology or shifting the blame to your speaker gains nothing for your mistake (Aguilar, 2006). The best(p) way to limit the damage made by stereotype is to admit what you have said and tell people your real thoughts.In order to study and understand better in business, it is necessary to know not only the fixed knowledge that will be taught in class. The skill of communication, which is extremely important for business people, is also a necessity but comparatively more difficult to learn, because it requires much experience to comprehend. The book Ouch That Stereotype Hurts offers a useful guide of some business skills and experience that may not be found in textbooks. From this book, I understood that stereotype does not only have a great impact on our day-after-day communication, the more important negative influence it has is on business. As a stude nt who studies in business major, this book helped a lot on my major.

Saturday, February 23, 2019

Close Critical Analysis of Mrs Midas Essay

In Mrs Midas, Carol Ann Duffy takes the well-k nowadaysn reputation of world-beater Midas from Ancient Grecian mythology and places it in a modern context from the married womans perspective. Originally, the story is close King Midas and the position he possesses that turns everything he touches into gold, which leads him to ultimately visualise that wealth al iodin messt make him happy as yet unlimited gold. The moral of the King Midas story is that you cant demoralise happiness, and also to be careful what you wish for as avariciousness is certain to overcome you.This is where the present day expression The Midas Touch derives from meaning everything a person does is successful and profit adequate to(p) as everything in modern confederacy seems to be m angiotensin-converting enzymey orientated. Duffy implies a nonher meaning to the story of King Midas as in Mrs Midas, Midas is portrayed as the modern day wor office creation who neglects his wife for success and weal th also reflecting the increasing number of couples having a divorces nowadays.The underlying theme of the metrical composition is about the conserves selfishness destroying coupling as hands are associated with becoming too involved in work so neglect their wives/families. He toyed with his spoon, then mine, then with the knives, the forks the listing of objects that hes turning into gold illustrates the obsession custody dumbfound with making m oney out of continuous successes they have like Midas greed it seems addictive as they keep wanting more and more. Toyed implies that hes enjoying it he enjoys being the alleged money-maker so sees no harm in what hes doing. Its a flirtatious reference as if hes using his potent sexuality to bewitch bit his wife this also whitethorn reflect how ambitious and prosperous men are perceived as more attractive by women (dependency so ensures security).Midas selfishness is highlighted when his wife describes her dreaming I dreamt I bo re his child she can only dream of having his children as the reality is shell never be able to. Its ironic how a wifes ordinary dream of having a child cant come true when her married mans senseless dream of turning everything into gold does Duffy contrasts mens lust for materialism with womens needs for simple things such as family. His selfishness is emphasised as because of his foolish actions, his wife wont be able to accomplish these simple things hes already succeed many successes it seems yet hes asking for more. My dream-milk burned in my breasts milk that should be at that place is left unused so is make her pain as shes never going to feed this child, theres also a sense of longing from her unfulfilled aspirations of motherhood. Shes never going to experience having a family (with Midas), which all married couples merit to do.Following on from his endless desires, But who has wishes granted? Him. displays how no one actually has their wishes come true only Midas cou ld make this happen. The livid pure tone in which this is said suggests that hes always had a greedy nature the full stop stressing the bluntness of it as if, actually, shes not so surprised that he was capable of doing such a thing. Her husband didnt even consider her when he make the wish he was that selfish he couldnt stop to think about how this would impaction of his wife. Perhaps this is imitating how in reality, men dont always musical note the need to consult their wives before making a decision as they feel in charge wearing the trousers in the relationship direction that what they say, goes.The reader knows that the couple were in complete, but Mrs Midas now fears her husband because of his power. We were rabid then, in those halcyon days implies that they did love each other, halcyon suggesting that it mayve been exciting young love as it was an early idyllic breaker point of their relationship nevertheless they were in love which is now questionable since shes af raid of him. Near petrified/now I feared his honeyed embrace portrays how Midas has subconsciously turned himself into something else a heller and as a result his wife is frightened of him and what he could do to her. Honeyed embrace sounds comforting a soothing hug thatll ensure everythings alright, but really it federal agency something completely different its this embrace that will turn her into one of his gold pieces end her aliveness so now she fears him more than anything.This poem very much seems to depict men as having dominating power over women. When Midas sat in that chair like a king on a burnished throne his status is represented as man of the house, putting him in light of the original King Midas. Burnished proposes that it isnt any old throne but one polished to perfection, again signifying the lust men have towards a bourgeois lifestyle. Mrs Midas feels confused therefore helpless, what in the name of God is going on? He started to laugh. displays Midas taki ng advantage of her ignorance, enjoying the new power he possesses. express joy suggests that hes pleased with himself and doesnt really care about the consequences of what hes done.Woman being under the influence of male dominance is shown through Mrs Midas obedience and ordinary lifestyle. He asked where was the wine. I poured with a shaking hand shes acting the stereotypical wife who corset at home obeying the husbands orders. The clich of women being the usual woman of the house is therefore present as well The vegetables cooked/I served up the meal implies she does the cooking for them on a regular basis, as this is part of her daily routine. This is mirrored by the clear structure of stanzas, indicating the ordinary and boring life shed had the structures fixed and predictable. The absence of success for the wife also displays how women arent expected to work and achieve things for themselves.However, there is a slight suggestion to women maintaining some sort of power to o. The whole grimace of the wife going away the husband puts women into a different light, proving that Midas doesnt go steady everything Mrs Midas does. So he had to move out, shes made the net decision and he listened to her, he also sat in the patronise of car which illustrates his decline in status from sitting on a burnished throne. She leaves him, I sold the contents of the house and came flock here indicates that shes taken a stand and even made money from it the only achievement it seems that Mrs Midas has attained, is as a result of intermission up with her husband. This emulates how women dont need to depend on men for success they are capable of being independent and earning a life sentence for themselves.Overall, shut up it seems that males possess overriding power over females. Despite Mrs Midas leaving Midas, it was fundamentally him who caused the marriage to end. She felt incompetent because of his power, so knew it was crucial to get away from him. At the en d of the poem Mrs Midas admits that she misses him, revealing he still has a hold on her emotionally. I miss most, even nowhis touch. implies she misses his humanity and what they wouldve taken for granted before the physical side to their relationship, and of trail with that the love they shared. Perhaps this reflects another negative stereotype of women where theyre seen as being too emotionally attached Mrs Midas seems to be in love with Midas even now despite everything and him turning into a foolish, greedy monster. She doesnt care for the golden Midas touch that destroyed their love (which ironically is a positive association), but the true human Midas touch that love her in return.

School Discipline

No groom administrators in their adept mind would ignore school find out as peerless of their around important responsibilities. Nearly e truly survey of school administrators in novel years lists school afflict and school safety as one of or their most important aras of emphasis. Although serious acts of crime and violence be relatively rargon in schools, fighting, bullying, acts of dispaying attention, and insubordination still remain as problems faced by school administrators every day.A study by Public Agenda (Johnson, 2004) indicated that seven in ten middle and spirited school teachers surveyed say their schools have serious problems with students who disrupt classes. to the highest degree undergo school administrators in charge of school discipline would say that students who continu on the wholey disrupt classes make up less than 5% of students enrolled, but that 5% of enrolled students elicit take 90% of their beat. work chastisement Introduction The newswo rthiness discipline is a strong sound out for most of us.It carries with it some gestate description words such as weak, strong, right(a), and bad. It is a word that has serious ramifications for all those who be engaged in the field of education. Having good discipline is a goal of every schoolroom teacher. Principals never take the reputation of having weak discipline at their schools. The public demands that schools be places of effective discipline that create environment where teachers can teach and students can learn. Discipline From the Latin term disciplina, meaning1. A branch of knowledge or learning 2. Training that develops self- ascendence, character, orderliness or efficiency 3. Strict control to enforce obedience 4. Treatment that controls or punishes 5. a system of rules. It is arouse that the definitions of the term suggest that discipline can have quite distinguishable implications for schools. The component of the definition that relates to teaching seems much more positive than the components that involve the negative expressions such as penalisation and strict control. Rosen, 5) The Strict make to Enforce Obedience There is no doubt that mortal unavoidably to be in charge of our schools. As long as schools are composed of hundreds or thousands of students who are required by law to sojourn in an institutional setting for several hours a day, several time a week, in that location must be someone in control. swan does not mean being a warden at a prison. It sum maintaining order and discipline. One needs simply a short time at a school campus to determine whether or not someone is in control.Someone is in control of school when 1. Students are where they are supposed to be at both given hour the school day. 2. There are few interruptions of class time. 3. The campus is clean and free to graffiti. 4. Campus visitors are screened and required to wear a visitors badge. 5. Communication devices are visible and readily availa ble. 6. Supervisory personnel are visible. 7. Students, teachers, and administrators have a good functional relationship.Discipline Ex-pupils observations. There are many views to the highest degree school discipline, change from those held by the freedom advocated like A. S. Neil and his discipline to the grinding regimentation of Mr. MChoakumchild and his factotum Mr. Gradgrind. It would, however, be concur that a good discipline in a school would be such as to be accompanied by reasonable orderliness, respect for others and their propertynot forgetting school propertyand a pleasant atmosphere, which way of life among other things that there is no feeling of rebelliousness against what are mat up to be unnecessary regulations.There result sometimes be contravene between the heads idea of what is satisfactory discipline and that of the pupils if he pushes too big(p) to reach unreasonable and maybe unattainable standards of obedience, the school either starts to tally a pr ison or his most unreasonable laws are low-spirited by all sundry, and later his reasonable rules are also imperil if alternatively he is too lax the pupils are educated into impose on _or_ oppress attitudes to the school, to schoolwork and even to parliamentary law, and poor educational progress is one of the least(prenominal) of the prices to be paid.So the head and staff have to steer a middle path between the extremes, and this is concerned with whether this is more easily winfor whatever reasonin a co-educational school rather than a single-sex one. For the most part it presents the point of view of mature and responsible ex-pupils, peculiarly of those who have attended schools of both figures and can look back and equalize their experiences in the two schools.Their conception of discipline will not only be that of pupils, because they are all learning how to teach in schools themselves, and their views will certainly be colored by what they as beginning teachers lot to be good discipline. (Dale, 156,616) Research indicated that more teachers leave teaching because of discipline problems than any other reasons. Losing good teachers is a serious problem for all schools, be they public or private. A troublesome student can cause many a good teacher a passing game of sleep and aggravation.Teachers enter the teaching field because they are interested in teaching not wrestling with students who continually disrupt classroom time. School administrators need to be a supportive tool of teachers in their classroom management routines and practices. Helping teachers to have good classroom management practices has hold up an important part of the school disciplinarians role. Disciplinary Traditions It is difficult to generalize about the differing models of discipline applied within schools throughout the world.Taking a very broad perspective, it could be argued that discipline models reflect the way a society sees education as meeting either collective or man-to-man needs. For example, in china there has been a tradition that child should be socialized as early as possible to confirm the heathenish expectations. This meant that in China, not only was attendance compulsory but so also was achievement. Disciplinary practices have been undertaken in a collectivist spirit with the intention of forming good behaviors.In countries such as China and India there are strong masculinist traditions in the teacher-pupil relationship, and yet this field of research, school discipline and gender, is still to be fully developed. (Kramarae, Spender, 395) As Treatment to control or Punish The term punishment is usually related to some type of suffering or derivation. To be realistic, people must admit that punishment exists because of the expectations of society. This is particularly true in schools. When students misbehave, adults expect them to be punished.The degree of punishment may depend on the community in which the school is located. For example, in the southern part of the nation, corporal punishment is much more pleasing than in other parts. In 1993, there were 613,514 instances of paddling reports in United Stated. Most of those paddling cases occurred in southern states. Corporal punishment is still legal in 26 states. Corporal punishment may not only be accepted but expected in Deep South, but in Rhode Island, administrators can lose their credentials if they strike a student for any reason. (Rosen, 5)Conclusion Discipline is not the art of rewarding and punishing, of making pupils express and be silent it is the art of making them perform, in the most appropriate, easy, and usable manner, all the duties of the school. The definition of school discipline, by the Conference Society of Capelian, is manifestly too broad. The elementary school ought, by the spirit ruling within, and by its instruction, so to operate upon the children that they shall receive a preparation, adaptation to their ages and capaciti es, for temporal and ever-living life. (Sabin, 181)

Friday, February 22, 2019

Flight to Darwin, number 3105, now boarding

sporty knuckles, sweaty palms, this single seat in a line of 9 is my precisely safe zone, all of five minutes and we are inseparable. This aching fear, property me down to my seat, my safe zone. Final call for flight number 3105 to Darwin. This was the day, this was the time, and this was the pip where I came face to face with my biggest fear. Glued to my seat, I thought wherefore? Why am I so hangdog? Why am I sitting here, in an airport terminal unable to cue from this relatively un well-provided, plastic seat?Its not right. I breast to my surrounding, fellow flyers. Children, the elderly, mothers and fathers, all willingly ascending from their relatively uncomfortable seats, to mount a completely reliable aero flat. Such a miniscule designate in ones life journey, and I cant even stand up. A crippling fear of flying has odd me without dignity and courage, ashamed and embarrassed. But my thoughts are interrupted by the comfort sound of one of the flight retainers. Sir? she says, is everything ok?Your flight is here for you, a speechless reply on my behalf indicates that im not ok, parking herself on the seat next to me she utters, theres cipher to be afraid of, the skies are blue, no winds in sight, a simple, scare-free dismount. Im trying, I rightfully am, exactly I just cant work up the courage to get up and board that god damn plane I attempt to explain. She returns with Nelson Mandela once said that courage is not the absence of fear, but the triumph over it.The festive man is not he who does not feel afraid, but he who conquers that fear. I presumet know what happened there and then, but a strong epiphany occurred in that infant mind state I was entranced by, I wasnt without courage because of my fear of flying, I was without courage because I wasnt doing anything to castigate that fear. For a flight attendant, you are one sharp woman I proclaimed to her. She just smiled at me and walked on to the plane, as if she kfresh I would c ome after her spirits.Three deep breathes, to calm myself and double as a countdown as I rise. Stand up, chin up and smile from ear to ear. What seems uniform such a small achievement to most, a small step in a day to day activity, was an accomplishment of immense proportions for me. ship to the gates of the plane, I get my ticket scanned, and travel down the plainly elongated tunnel connecting to the side of the plane, greeted by the wise attendant I embrace her luminescent, comforting aura and place myself into my allocated seat.A somewhat comfortable seat, leather exterior, cushioned interior, cup holders, earphone input, food tray and pillow. A quieten safety speech enlightens the paranoia. The pleasant smiles beaming from the flight attendants render that this take off will be like any other average trip no interruptions, no problems, no worries. But the slightest of fear was still pussyfoot through my mind, past the comforting seats, past the safety speeches, and past t he wise flight attendant, and the clenching noise the doors made as they sealed closed besides boosted fear through my veins.At that point in time a few traditional deep breathes were my only remedies I could think of, but not nearly enough. This time though, I was a wiser man, recalling what the flight attendant quoted. bravery is not the absence of fear, but the triumph over it. The brave man is not he who does not feel afraid, but he who conquers that fear. Replaying it over and over in my head, like a broken record. Courage is not the absence of fear And on and on Until I looked to the look of the plane, chip up, a few more deep breathes and smiled An hour and I half later, no interruptions, no problems, no worries. I walked off that plane, proud. A feeling like never before, a feeling of true courageousness. And rest there just outside that Darwin Airport in the taxi zone, I thought about how this is my new safe zone, my serenity until a new challenge awaits, however great or miniscule it may be, it is nothing compared to the courage of ones soul.