Linguistics Classes, Verb and Noun

Discuss and assembly line some of the main features of the cliquees VERB and NOUN in incline and any other diction. In this essay I will make an attempt to discuss differences amid two classes of lexemes, which ar verb and noun. In order to conduct that analysis in a detailed manner I will constitute to two languages, English and last (minor references to French will excessively help my studies). I will start from defining what single slew refer to as class in linguistics. I will to refer to certain shadows of inquiry that may be casted on that categorization.This will be followed by elaborating subtleties of what constitutes a verb providing exemplars and showing contrasts between two languages examined. With the help of studying materials Ill reign over to outline empirical criteria for how the concept of verb can be understood by a linguist. Then, I will implement similar methodology to elucidate the concept of a noun class. Finally I will arrive at a conclusion that beyond any doubt those two categories ar distinctly different and minor similarities emphasized by two drastically different languages simply make the case more interesting.A scholar is adapted to divide each language into two diverse, just now mutually supplementing, categories. Grammar is a set of well-nighd system that determines how items of the language interact with each other. Lexicon, on the other hand provides a glossary of lexemes. Lexeme is more than a intelligence operation, as it refers to all possible variations of linguistic items used in spite of appearance language. Its relation to the implication can sometimes proves difficult to define without implementing a variety of footing in the definition. To fully explain what a given lexeme means it has to be placed in a variety of contexts and supported with examples.An alternative to lexicon is called a thesaurus and it groups lyric poem accordingly to their semantic similarities. Lexicon can be elevate divided into classes of lexemes. Un identical grammar, these systems of lexical concepts are open, which means their content varies depending on the language. Before drawing the line between nouns and verbs Id standardised to draw attention to possible blurs of that line. In English language words much(prenominal)(prenominal) as walk relate to both a noun and a verb. This is non exactly a homonym (lexeme that has the same form but varies in its meaning) as both words refer to the same activity.Interesting comparison with the Polish language is that it never uses verbs as noun but still has large variety of verb derived nouns such as zapalenie (inflammation) or skojarzenie (association). Despite that fact verb derived noun in Polish such as bieg (a run) is not its noun form of the verb bieganie (running). It also contains a significantly little number of homonyms, most of which each differs in spelling (kot-kod) or has a foreign origin (pilot tv remote and pilot one and onl y(a) that steers a plane) and is usually a noun. English uses multiple homonyms within different classes and semantic distances pitch, division.As no universal differentiation can be drawn for classes of verb and noun they are most commonly identified by several categories of lexemes. Verb in every language refers to motion, rest, giving, affect, corporeal, attention and speaking. Some languages allow further distinction to atomic and non-nuclear verbs. Nuclear verb of rest in Polish would be lezec (means to lay, applied to either an object or a person) and the non-nuclear item that can be specify only by a reference to the nuclear verb zalegac (to lay somewhere for a long time/to stand in the way of habitual activities).English, on the other hand cannot provide a good example of such a lexical item. A scholar can also mark off verbs to be transitive verb form or non-transitive. A transitive verb needs to be completed by an object of the action (We left over(p) John. ) while t he intransitive is complete without any object to follow (We could not stand it so we left. ). In Polish transitive (przesuwac to move an object) are entirely different words than intransitive verbs (skakac to jump). Categories that will only refer to verbs class are modality and tense aspect.Both in Polish and English hereafter past and present tenses occur, however in Polish accurate tenses are only implied by the context Patrze na niego od godziny Ive been watching him for an hour. Whats also fascinating is that in past and future continuous tense Polish verbs suddenly have gender. Discussing modality its worth mentioning that in Polish imperative mode of a verb is invariably a different form any regular conjugation (which wouldnt be the case in French). English modality is most probably to be contained within the context of the sentence.Comparing these languages from the perspective of verbs scholar should also jump in mind that while English has phrasal verbs (put it of f) that are rather different from their lexeme of origin (put) Polish does not. Id risk a statement that this function is associated with a complex system of prefixes (wlaczyc, wylaczyc spin on, turn off). Following the applied logic one ought to explain the lexical class of noun with its typical references. Nouns describe parts of the human body and components of other things, fauna, flora, cheer moon and stars, elements, and artefacts.They also stand for abstract terms such as emotions, colour or time. Latter one often leads to interesting observations when examined from a linguistic perspective. In Polish and French instead of asking for the time, one asks for the number of the hour. A noun could be derived from verbs or adjectives (swim, hatred) or underived (beauty, fish). Dixon utter that transitivity value of verbs is equally important to the gender of the noun. In English nouns dont have gender, while in Polish and French even objects have gender. Distribution of gender qualities within these lexemes can be conditioned by the context of culture.Its also often implied by vowel suffix in French and Polish (e in French and a in Polish). Nouns can come singular form or plural form when added a suffix (s in English and i in Polish). There are exceptions both grammatical (fish) and mass-nouns (mud). Some languages allow in use of a possessive suffix, however neither English nor Polish would be an example. Class of nouns also includes generic terms, which mean a word that can mean a variety of things depending on the implied intention. An example that is close to perfection is the noun thing which can stand for any other noun.It can as well be a feature of speech style. peculiar(a) detail is, when translated, the word thing in Polish can take two forms (cos/rzecz), both have a similar meaning but are used in different context and the latter one has a female gender. Less obvious example would be a Polish word wiersz, which can refer to a poem as well as to a single text line. According to scholars like Marantz certain lexical items can be used in a variety of syntactic structure and implementation of any lexicon, therefore classes such as nouns or verbs are entirely futille.I beg to differ as the summary of my analysis shows multiple differences and distinctive features of each class. Verbs and nouns are delimit with a variety of different concepts. Every additional term that refers to categories within a class is like an additional dimension, which outline boundaries of semantic correction necessary for understanding the concept. Therefore, provides a valuable methodology for linguistic studies. Blake Lezenski reciprocation Count 1235 Bibliography R. M. W. Dixon, 2012. Basic Linguistic Theory Volume 3 get ahead Grammatical Topics. Edition 1. Oxford University Press, USA. Erkelens, M. A. , 2009. instruction to categorize verbs and nouns studies on Dutch. Ultrecht Amsterdam Center for verbiage and Communication 1 . Dixon R. M. W. Dixon, 2012. Basic Linguistic Theory Volume 3 Further Grammatical Topics. Edition 1. Oxford University Press, USA, p. 290. 2 . Ibid 291. 3 . Ibid 291. 4 . Ibid 300. 5 . Ibid 293. 6 . Ibid 300. 7 . Ibid 305. 8 . Ibid 291. 9 . Ibid 302. 10 . Ibid 301. 11 . Erkelens, M. A. , 2009. Learning to categorize verbs and nouns studies on Dutch. Ultrecht Amsterdam Center for Language and Communication, p. 26.